Deep security review patterns for authorization logic, data access boundaries, action isolation, rate limiting, and protecting sensitive operations
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Comprehensive security review patterns for Convex applications including authorization logic, data access boundaries, action isolation, rate limiting, and protecting sensitive operations.
Before implementing, do not assume; fetch the latest documentation:
// convex/lib/auth.ts
import { QueryCtx, MutationCtx } from "./_generated/server";
import { ConvexError } from "convex/values";
import { Doc } from "./_generated/dataModel";
type UserRole = "user" | "moderator" | "admin" | "superadmin";
const roleHierarchy: Record<UserRole, number> = {
user: 0,
moderator: 1,
admin: 2,
superadmin: 3,
};
export async function getUser(ctx: QueryCtx | MutationCtx): Promise<Doc<"users"> | null> {
const identity = await ctx.auth.getUserIdentity();
if (!identity) return null;
return await ctx.db
.query("users")
.withIndex("by_tokenIdentifier", (q) =>
q.eq("tokenIdentifier", identity.tokenIdentifier)
)
.unique();
}
export async function requireRole(
ctx: QueryCtx | MutationCtx,
minRole: UserRole
): Promise<Doc<"users">> {
const user = await getUser(ctx);
if (!user) {
throw new ConvexError({
code: "UNAUTHENTICATED",
message: "Authentication required",
});
}
const userRoleLevel = roleHierarchy[user.role as UserRole] ?? 0;
const requiredLevel = roleHierarchy[minRole];
if (userRoleLevel < requiredLevel) {
throw new ConvexError({
code: "FORBIDDEN",
message: `Role '${minRole}' or higher required`,
});
}
return user;
}
// Permission-based check
type Permission = "read:users" | "write:users" | "delete:users" | "admin:system";
const rolePermissions: Record<UserRole, Permission[]> = {
user: ["read:users"],
moderator: ["read:users", "write:users"],
admin: ["read:users", "write:users", "delete:users"],
superadmin: ["read:users", "write:users", "delete:users", "admin:system"],
};
export async function requirePermission(
ctx: QueryCtx | MutationCtx,
permission: Permission
): Promise<Doc<"users">> {
const user = await getUser(ctx);
if (!user) {
throw new ConvexError({ code: "UNAUTHENTICATED", message: "Authentication required" });
}
const userRole = user.role as UserRole;
const permissions = rolePermissions[userRole] ?? [];
if (!permissions.includes(permission)) {
throw new ConvexError({
code: "FORBIDDEN",
message: `Permission '${permission}' required`,
});
}
return user;
}
// convex/data.ts
import { query, mutation } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";
import { getUser, requireRole } from "./lib/auth";
import { ConvexError } from "convex/values";
// Audit: Users can only see their own data
export const getMyData = query({
args: {},
returns: v.array(v.object({
_id: v.id("userData"),
content: v.string(),
})),
handler: async (ctx) => {
const user = await getUser(ctx);
if (!user) return [];
// SECURITY: Filter by userId
return await ctx.db
.query("userData")
.withIndex("by_user", (q) => q.eq("userId", user._id))
.collect();
},
});
// Audit: Verify ownership before returning sensitive data
export const getSensitiveItem = query({
args: { itemId: v.id("sensitiveItems") },
returns: v.union(v.object({
_id: v.id("sensitiveItems"),
secret: v.string(),
}), v.null()),
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
const user = await getUser(ctx);
if (!user) return null;
const item = await ctx.db.get(args.itemId);
// SECURITY: Verify ownership
if (!item || item.ownerId !== user._id) {
return null; // Don't reveal if item exists
}
return item;
},
});
// Audit: Shared resources with access list
export const getSharedDocument = query({
args: { docId: v.id("documents") },
returns: v.union(v.object({
_id: v.id("documents"),
content: v.string(),
accessLevel: v.string(),
}), v.null()),
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
const user = await getUser(ctx);
const doc = await ctx.db.get(args.docId);
if (!doc) return null;
// Public documents
if (doc.visibility === "public") {
return { ...doc, accessLevel: "public" };
}
// Must be authenticated for non-public
if (!user) return null;
// Owner has full access
if (doc.ownerId === user._id) {
return { ...doc, accessLevel: "owner" };
}
// Check shared access
const access = await ctx.db
.query("documentAccess")
.withIndex("by_doc_and_user", (q) =>
q.eq("documentId", args.docId).eq("userId", user._id)
)
.unique();
if (!access) return null;
return { ...doc, accessLevel: access.level };
},
});
// convex/actions.ts
"use node";
import { action, internalAction } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";
import { api, internal } from "./_generated/api";
import { ConvexError } from "convex/values";
// SECURITY: Never expose API keys in responses
export const callExternalAPI = action({
args: { query: v.string() },
returns: v.object({ result: v.string() }),
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
// Verify user is authenticated
const identity = await ctx.auth.getUserIdentity();
if (!identity) {
throw new ConvexError("Authentication required");
}
// Get API key from environment (not hardcoded)
const apiKey = process.env.EXTERNAL_API_KEY;
if (!apiKey) {
throw new Error("API key not configured");
}
// Log usage for audit trail
await ctx.runMutation(internal.audit.logAPICall, {
userId: identity.tokenIdentifier,
endpoint: "external-api",
timestamp: Date.now(),
});
const response = await fetch("https://api.example.com/query", {
method: "POST",
headers: {
"Authorization": `Bearer ${apiKey}`,
"Content-Type": "application/json",
},
body: JSON.stringify({ query: args.query }),
});
if (!response.ok) {
// Don't expose external API error details
throw new ConvexError("External service unavailable");
}
const data = await response.json();
// Sanitize response before returning
return { result: sanitizeResponse(data) };
},
});
// Internal action - not exposed to clients
export const _processPayment = internalAction({
args: {
userId: v.id("users"),
amount: v.number(),
paymentMethodId: v.string(),
},
returns: v.object({ success: v.boolean(), transactionId: v.optional(v.string()) }),
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
const stripeKey = process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY;
// Process payment with Stripe
// This should NEVER be exposed as a public action
return { success: true, transactionId: "txn_xxx" };
},
});
// convex/rateLimit.ts
import { mutation, query } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";
import { ConvexError } from "convex/values";
const RATE_LIMITS = {
message: { requests: 10, windowMs: 60000 }, // 10 per minute
upload: { requests: 5, windowMs: 300000 }, // 5 per 5 minutes
api: { requests: 100, windowMs: 3600000 }, // 100 per hour
};
export const checkRateLimit = mutation({
args: {
userId: v.string(),
action: v.union(v.literal("message"), v.literal("upload"), v.literal("api")),
},
returns: v.object({ allowed: v.boolean(), retryAfter: v.optional(v.number()) }),
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
const limit = RATE_LIMITS[args.action];
const now = Date.now();
const windowStart = now - limit.windowMs;
// Count requests in window
const requests = await ctx.db
.query("rateLimits")
.withIndex("by_user_and_action", (q) =>
q.eq("userId", args.userId).eq("action", args.action)
)
.filter((q) => q.gt(q.field("timestamp"), windowStart))
.collect();
if (requests.length >= limit.requests) {
const oldestRequest = requests[0];
const retryAfter = oldestRequest.timestamp + limit.windowMs - now;
return { allowed: false, retryAfter };
}
// Record this request
await ctx.db.insert("rateLimits", {
userId: args.userId,
action: args.action,
timestamp: now,
});
return { allowed: true };
},
});
// Use in mutations
export const sendMessage = mutation({
args: { content: v.string() },
returns: v.id("messages"),
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
const identity = await ctx.auth.getUserIdentity();
if (!identity) throw new ConvexError("Authentication required");
// Check rate limit
const rateCheck = await checkRateLimit(ctx, {
userId: identity.tokenIdentifier,
action: "message",
});
if (!rateCheck.allowed) {
throw new ConvexError({
code: "RATE_LIMITED",
message: `Too many requests. Try again in ${Math.ceil(rateCheck.retryAfter! / 1000)} seconds`,
});
}
return await ctx.db.insert("messages", {
content: args.content,
authorId: identity.tokenIdentifier,
createdAt: Date.now(),
});
},
});
// convex/admin.ts
import { mutation, internalMutation } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";
import { requireRole, requirePermission } from "./lib/auth";
import { internal } from "./_generated/api";
// Two-factor confirmation for dangerous operations
export const deleteAllUserData = mutation({
args: {
userId: v.id("users"),
confirmationCode: v.string(),
},
returns: v.null(),
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
// Require superadmin
const admin = await requireRole(ctx, "superadmin");
// Verify confirmation code
const confirmation = await ctx.db
.query("confirmations")
.withIndex("by_admin_and_code", (q) =>
q.eq("adminId", admin._id).eq("code", args.confirmationCode)
)
.filter((q) => q.gt(q.field("expiresAt"), Date.now()))
.unique();
if (!confirmation || confirmation.action !== "delete_user_data") {
throw new ConvexError("Invalid or expired confirmation code");
}
// Delete confirmation to prevent reuse
await ctx.db.delete(confirmation._id);
// Schedule deletion (don't do it inline)
await ctx.scheduler.runAfter(0, internal.admin._performDeletion, {
userId: args.userId,
requestedBy: admin._id,
});
// Audit log
await ctx.db.insert("auditLogs", {
action: "delete_user_data",
targetUserId: args.userId,
performedBy: admin._id,
timestamp: Date.now(),
});
return null;
},
});
// Generate confirmation code for sensitive action
export const requestDeletionConfirmation = mutation({
args: { userId: v.id("users") },
returns: v.string(),
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
const admin = await requireRole(ctx, "superadmin");
const code = generateSecureCode();
await ctx.db.insert("confirmations", {
adminId: admin._id,
code,
action: "delete_user_data",
targetUserId: args.userId,
expiresAt: Date.now() + 5 * 60 * 1000, // 5 minutes
});
// In production, send code via secure channel (email, SMS)
return code;
},
});
// convex/audit.ts
import { mutation, query, internalMutation } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";
import { getUser, requireRole } from "./lib/auth";
const auditEventValidator = v.object({
_id: v.id("auditLogs"),
_creationTime: v.number(),
action: v.string(),
userId: v.optional(v.string()),
resourceType: v.string(),
resourceId: v.string(),
details: v.optional(v.any()),
ipAddress: v.optional(v.string()),
timestamp: v.number(),
});
// Internal: Log audit event
export const logEvent = internalMutation({
args: {
action: v.string(),
userId: v.optional(v.string()),
resourceType: v.string(),
resourceId: v.string(),
details: v.optional(v.any()),
},
returns: v.id("auditLogs"),
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
return await ctx.db.insert("auditLogs", {
...args,
timestamp: Date.now(),
});
},
});
// Admin: View audit logs
export const getAuditLogs = query({
args: {
resourceType: v.optional(v.string()),
userId: v.optional(v.string()),
limit: v.optional(v.number()),
},
returns: v.array(auditEventValidator),
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
await requireRole(ctx, "admin");
let query = ctx.db.query("auditLogs");
if (args.resourceType) {
query = query.withIndex("by_resource_type", (q) =>
q.eq("resourceType", args.resourceType)
);
}
return await query
.order("desc")
.take(args.limit ?? 100);
},
});
npx convex deploy unless explicitly instructed
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Create or update AgentSkills. Use when designing, structuring, or packaging skills with scripts, references, and assets.
Set up and use 1Password CLI (op). Use when installing the CLI, enabling desktop app integration, signing in (single or multi-account), or reading/injecting/running secrets via op.
CLI to manage emails via IMAP/SMTP. Use `himalaya` to list, read, write, reply, forward, search, and organize emails from the terminal. Supports multiple accounts and message composition with MML (MIME Meta Language).
Create or update AgentSkills. Use when designing, structuring, or packaging skills with scripts, references, and assets.
Create or update AgentSkills. Use when designing, structuring, or packaging skills with scripts, references, and assets.
Set up and use 1Password CLI (op). Use when installing the CLI, enabling desktop app integration, signing in (single or multi-account), or reading/injecting/running secrets via op.
CLI to manage emails via IMAP/SMTP. Use `himalaya` to list, read, write, reply, forward, search, and organize emails from the terminal. Supports multiple accounts and message composition with MML (MIME Meta Language).