Strunk & White composition review using the 11 principles from "Elements of Style" Chapter II. Use when analyzing structure, improving flow, or tightening prose.
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Review writing against Strunk & White's 11 elementary principles of composition from Chapter II.
Analyze the provided text for structural and compositional issues. Provide specific examples with before/after suggestions where improvements are needed.
Text Under Review: [title or brief description]
| # | Principle | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Choose a suitable design and stick to it | Pass/Needs Work/N/A | [feedback] |
| 2 | Make the paragraph the unit of composition | Pass/Needs Work/N/A | [feedback] |
| 3 | Use the active voice | Pass/Needs Work/N/A | [feedback] |
| 4 | Put statements in positive form | Pass/Needs Work/N/A | [feedback] |
| 5 | Use definite, specific, concrete language | Pass/Needs Work/N/A | [feedback] |
| 6 | Omit needless words | Pass/Needs Work/N/A | [feedback] |
| 7 | Avoid a succession of loose sentences | Pass/Needs Work/N/A | [feedback] |
| 8 | Express coordinate ideas in parallel form | Pass/Needs Work/N/A | [feedback] |
| 9 | Keep related words together | Pass/Needs Work/N/A | [feedback] |
| 10 | In summaries, keep to one tense | Pass/Needs Work/N/A | [feedback] |
| 11 | Place the emphatic words at the end | Pass/Needs Work/N/A | [feedback] |
Passive voice found:
| Original | Suggested |
|---|---|
| [passive construction] | [active alternative] |
Negative constructions found:
| Original | Suggested |
|---|---|
| "He was not very often on time" | "He usually arrived late" |
Wordy phrases found:
| Original | Suggested |
|---|---|
| "the reason why is that" | "because" |
| "in spite of the fact that" | "although" |
| "the fact that he had arrived" | "his arrival" |
Non-parallel constructions:
| Original | Suggested |
|---|---|
| [non-parallel] | [parallel version] |
Choose a suitable design and stick to it — Plan your structure. Know whether you're building a tent or a cathedral. The design may change, but have one.
Make the paragraph the unit of composition — Each paragraph should develop one topic. Begin with a topic sentence; end with emphasis. Don't chop into single sentences or let paragraphs run too long.
Use the active voice — "The active voice is usually more direct and vigorous than the passive." Write "I shall always remember my first visit" not "My first visit will always be remembered by me."
Put statements in positive form — Say what is, not what isn't. "He usually came late" is stronger than "He was not very often on time." Avoid not un- constructions.
Use definite, specific, concrete language — Prefer the specific to the general, the definite to the vague, the concrete to the abstract. "A period of unfavorable weather set in" → "It rained every day for a week."
Omit needless words — "Vigorous writing is concise." Every word should tell. Common offenders:
Avoid a succession of loose sentences — Don't string together clauses with "and," "but," "so." Vary sentence structure. Use subordination.
Express coordinate ideas in parallel form — Similar content deserves similar form. "The French, the Italians, Spanish, and Portuguese" → "The French, the Italians, the Spanish, and the Portuguese."
Keep related words together — Place modifiers near what they modify. "He only found two mistakes" → "He found only two mistakes."
Overall Structure: [Well-organized/Needs Work/Disorganized]
Word Economy: [Tight/Some bloat/Verbose]
Top 3 Improvements:
$ARGUMENTS
In summaries, keep to one tense — When summarizing a work, use present tense throughout. Don't shift between present and past.
Place the emphatic words at the end — The end of a sentence is its most prominent position. Build toward the key word. "Humanity has hardly advanced in fortitude since that time, though it has advanced in many other ways" → weak ending. Revise for emphasis.
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