Track ML experiments, manage model registry with versioning, deploy models to production, and reproduce experiments with MLflow - framework-agnostic ML lifecycle platform
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Use MLflow when you need to:
Users: 20,000+ organizations | GitHub Stars: 23k+ | License: Apache 2.0
# Install MLflow
pip install mlflow
# Install with extras
pip install mlflow[extras] # Includes SQLAlchemy, boto3, etc.
# Start MLflow UI
mlflow ui
# Access at http://localhost:5000
import mlflow
# Start a run
with mlflow.start_run():
# Log parameters
mlflow.log_param("learning_rate", 0.001)
mlflow.log_param("batch_size", 32)
# Your training code
model = train_model()
# Log metrics
mlflow.log_metric("train_loss", 0.15)
mlflow.log_metric("val_accuracy", 0.92)
# Log model
mlflow.sklearn.log_model(model, "model")
import mlflow
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
# Enable autologging
mlflow.autolog()
# Train (automatically logged)
model = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100, max_depth=5)
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
# Metrics, parameters, and model logged automatically!
Experiment: Logical container for related runs Run: Single execution of ML code (parameters, metrics, artifacts)
import mlflow
# Create/set experiment
mlflow.set_experiment("my-experiment")
# Start a run
with mlflow.start_run(run_name="baseline-model"):
# Log params
mlflow.log_param("model", "ResNet50")
mlflow.log_param("epochs", 10)
# Train
model = train()
# Log metrics
mlflow.log_metric("accuracy", 0.95)
# Log model
mlflow.pytorch.log_model(model, "model")
# Run ID is automatically generated
print(f"Run ID: {mlflow.active_run().info.run_id}")
with mlflow.start_run():
# Single parameter
mlflow.log_param("learning_rate", 0.001)
# Multiple parameters
mlflow.log_params({
"batch_size": 32,
"epochs": 50,
"optimizer": "Adam",
"dropout": 0.2
})
# Nested parameters (as dict)
config = {
"model": {
"architecture": "ResNet50",
"pretrained": True
},
"training": {
"lr": 0.001,
"weight_decay": 1e-4
}
}
# Log as JSON string or individual params
for key, value in config.items():
mlflow.log_param(key, str(value))
with mlflow.start_run():
# Training loop
for epoch in range(NUM_EPOCHS):
train_loss = train_epoch()
val_loss = validate()
# Log metrics at each step
mlflow.log_metric("train_loss", train_loss, step=epoch)
mlflow.log_metric("val_loss", val_loss, step=epoch)
# Log multiple metrics
mlflow.log_metrics({
"train_accuracy": train_acc,
"val_accuracy": val_acc
}, step=epoch)
# Log final metrics (no step)
mlflow.log_metric("final_accuracy", final_acc)
with mlflow.start_run():
# Log file
model.save('model.pkl')
mlflow.log_artifact('model.pkl')
# Log directory
os.makedirs('plots', exist_ok=True)
plt.savefig('plots/loss_curve.png')
mlflow.log_artifacts('plots')
# Log text
with open('config.txt', 'w') as f:
f.write(str(config))
mlflow.log_artifact('config.txt')
# Log dict as JSON
mlflow.log_dict({'config': config}, 'config.json')
# PyTorch
import mlflow.pytorch
with mlflow.start_run():
model = train_pytorch_model()
mlflow.pytorch.log_model(model, "model")
# Scikit-learn
import mlflow.sklearn
with mlflow.start_run():
model = train_sklearn_model()
mlflow.sklearn.log_model(model, "model")
# Keras/TensorFlow
import mlflow.keras
with mlflow.start_run():
model = train_keras_model()
mlflow.keras.log_model(model, "model")
# HuggingFace Transformers
import mlflow.transformers
with mlflow.start_run():
mlflow.transformers.log_model(
transformers_model={
"model": model,
"tokenizer": tokenizer
},
artifact_path="model"
)
Automatically log metrics, parameters, and models for popular frameworks.
import mlflow
# Enable for all supported frameworks
mlflow.autolog()
# Or enable for specific framework
mlflow.sklearn.autolog()
mlflow.pytorch.autolog()
mlflow.keras.autolog()
mlflow.xgboost.autolog()
import mlflow
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
# Enable autologging
mlflow.sklearn.autolog()
# Split data
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2)
# Train (automatically logs params, metrics, model)
with mlflow.start_run():
model = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100, max_depth=5, random_state=42)
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
# Metrics like accuracy, f1_score logged automatically
# Model logged automatically
# Training duration logged
import mlflow
import pytorch_lightning as pl
# Enable autologging
mlflow.pytorch.autolog()
# Train
with mlflow.start_run():
trainer = pl.Trainer(max_epochs=10)
trainer.fit(model, datamodule=dm)
# Hyperparameters logged
# Training metrics logged
# Best model checkpoint logged
Manage model lifecycle with versioning and stage transitions.
import mlflow
# Log and register model
with mlflow.start_run():
model = train_model()
# Log model
mlflow.sklearn.log_model(
model,
"model",
registered_model_name="my-classifier" # Register immediately
)
# Or register later
run_id = "abc123"
model_uri = f"runs:/{run_id}/model"
mlflow.register_model(model_uri, "my-classifier")
Transition models between stages: None → Staging → Production → Archived
from mlflow.tracking import MlflowClient
client = MlflowClient()
# Promote to staging
client.transition_model_version_stage(
name="my-classifier",
version=3,
stage="Staging"
)
# Promote to production
client.transition_model_version_stage(
name="my-classifier",
version=3,
stage="Production",
archive_existing_versions=True # Archive old production versions
)
# Archive model
client.transition_model_version_stage(
name="my-classifier",
version=2,
stage="Archived"
)
import mlflow.pyfunc
# Load latest production model
model = mlflow.pyfunc.load_model("models:/my-classifier/Production")
# Load specific version
model = mlflow.pyfunc.load_model("models:/my-classifier/3")
# Load from staging
model = mlflow.pyfunc.load_model("models:/my-classifier/Staging")
# Use model
predictions = model.predict(X_test)
client = MlflowClient()
# List all versions
versions = client.search_model_versions("name='my-classifier'")
for v in versions:
print(f"Version {v.version}: {v.current_stage}")
# Get latest version by stage
latest_prod = client.get_latest_versions("my-classifier", stages=["Production"])
latest_staging = client.get_latest_versions("my-classifier", stages=["Staging"])
# Get model version details
version_info = client.get_model_version(name="my-classifier", version="3")
print(f"Run ID: {version_info.run_id}")
print(f"Stage: {version_info.current_stage}")
print(f"Tags: {version_info.tags}")
client = MlflowClient()
# Add description
client.update_model_version(
name="my-classifier",
version="3",
description="ResNet50 classifier trained on 1M images with 95% accuracy"
)
# Add tags
client.set_model_version_tag(
name="my-classifier",
version="3",
key="validation_status",
value="approved"
)
client.set_model_version_tag(
name="my-classifier",
version="3",
key="deployed_date",
value="2025-01-15"
)
Find runs programmatically.
from mlflow.tracking import MlflowClient
client = MlflowClient()
# Search all runs in experiment
experiment_id = client.get_experiment_by_name("my-experiment").experiment_id
runs = client.search_runs(
experiment_ids=[experiment_id],
filter_string="metrics.accuracy > 0.9",
order_by=["metrics.accuracy DESC"],
max_results=10
)
for run in runs:
print(f"Run ID: {run.info.run_id}")
print(f"Accuracy: {run.data.metrics['accuracy']}")
print(f"Params: {run.data.params}")
# Search with complex filters
runs = client.search_runs(
experiment_ids=[experiment_id],
filter_string="""
metrics.accuracy > 0.9 AND
params.model = 'ResNet50' AND
tags.dataset = 'ImageNet'
""",
order_by=["metrics.f1_score DESC"]
)
import mlflow
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
# Enable autologging
mlflow.pytorch.autolog()
with mlflow.start_run():
# Log config
config = {
"lr": 0.001,
"epochs": 10,
"batch_size": 32
}
mlflow.log_params(config)
# Train
model = create_model()
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=config["lr"])
for epoch in range(config["epochs"]):
train_loss = train_epoch(model, optimizer, train_loader)
val_loss, val_acc = validate(model, val_loader)
# Log metrics
mlflow.log_metrics({
"train_loss": train_loss,
"val_loss": val_loss,
"val_accuracy": val_acc
}, step=epoch)
# Log model
mlflow.pytorch.log_model(model, "model")
import mlflow
from transformers import Trainer, TrainingArguments
# Enable autologging
mlflow.transformers.autolog()
training_args = TrainingArguments(
output_dir="./results",
num_train_epochs=3,
per_device_train_batch_size=16,
evaluation_strategy="epoch",
save_strategy="epoch",
load_best_model_at_end=True
)
# Start MLflow run
with mlflow.start_run():
trainer = Trainer(
model=model,
args=training_args,
train_dataset=train_dataset,
eval_dataset=eval_dataset
)
# Train (automatically logged)
trainer.train()
# Log final model to registry
mlflow.transformers.log_model(
transformers_model={
"model": trainer.model,
"tokenizer": tokenizer
},
artifact_path="model",
registered_model_name="hf-classifier"
)
import mlflow
import xgboost as xgb
# Enable autologging
mlflow.xgboost.autolog()
with mlflow.start_run():
dtrain = xgb.DMatrix(X_train, label=y_train)
dval = xgb.DMatrix(X_val, label=y_val)
params = {
'max_depth': 6,
'learning_rate': 0.1,
'objective': 'binary:logistic',
'eval_metric': ['logloss', 'auc']
}
# Train (automatically logged)
model = xgb.train(
params,
dtrain,
num_boost_round=100,
evals=[(dtrain, 'train'), (dval, 'val')],
early_stopping_rounds=10
)
# Model and metrics logged automatically
# ✅ Good: Separate experiments for different tasks
mlflow.set_experiment("sentiment-analysis")
mlflow.set_experiment("image-classification")
mlflow.set_experiment("recommendation-system")
# ❌ Bad: Everything in one experiment
mlflow.set_experiment("all-models")
# ✅ Good: Descriptive names
with mlflow.start_run(run_name="resnet50-imagenet-lr0.001-bs32"):
train()
# ❌ Bad: No name (auto-generated UUID)
with mlflow.start_run():
train()
with mlflow.start_run():
# Log hyperparameters
mlflow.log_params({
"learning_rate": 0.001,
"batch_size": 32,
"epochs": 50
})
# Log system info
mlflow.set_tags({
"dataset": "ImageNet",
"framework": "PyTorch 2.0",
"gpu": "A100",
"git_commit": get_git_commit()
})
# Log data info
mlflow.log_param("train_samples", len(train_dataset))
mlflow.log_param("val_samples", len(val_dataset))
# Link runs to understand lineage
with mlflow.start_run(run_name="preprocessing"):
data = preprocess()
mlflow.log_artifact("data.csv")
preprocessing_run_id = mlflow.active_run().info.run_id
with mlflow.start_run(run_name="training"):
# Reference parent run
mlflow.set_tag("preprocessing_run_id", preprocessing_run_id)
model = train(data)
# ✅ Good: Use registry for production
model_uri = "models:/my-classifier/Production"
model = mlflow.pyfunc.load_model(model_uri)
# ❌ Bad: Hard-code run IDs
model_uri = "runs:/abc123/model"
model = mlflow.pyfunc.load_model(model_uri)
# Serve registered model
mlflow models serve -m "models:/my-classifier/Production" -p 5001
# Serve from run
mlflow models serve -m "runs:/<RUN_ID>/model" -p 5001
# Test endpoint
curl http://127.0.0.1:5001/invocations -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{
"inputs": [[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]]
}'
# Deploy to AWS SageMaker
mlflow sagemaker deploy -m "models:/my-classifier/Production" --region-name us-west-2
# Deploy to Azure ML
mlflow azureml deploy -m "models:/my-classifier/Production"
# Start tracking server with backend store
mlflow server \
--backend-store-uri postgresql://user:password@localhost/mlflow \
--default-artifact-root s3://my-bucket/mlflow \
--host 0.0.0.0 \
--port 5000
import mlflow
# Set tracking URI
mlflow.set_tracking_uri("http://localhost:5000")
# Or use environment variable
# export MLFLOW_TRACKING_URI=http://localhost:5000
references/tracking.md - Comprehensive tracking guidereferences/model-registry.md - Model lifecycle managementreferences/deployment.md - Production deployment patterns
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Create or update AgentSkills. Use when designing, structuring, or packaging skills with scripts, references, and assets.
Create or update AgentSkills. Use when designing, structuring, or packaging skills with scripts, references, and assets.
Set up and use 1Password CLI (op). Use when installing the CLI, enabling desktop app integration, signing in (single or multi-account), or reading/injecting/running secrets via op.
CLI to manage emails via IMAP/SMTP. Use `himalaya` to list, read, write, reply, forward, search, and organize emails from the terminal. Supports multiple accounts and message composition with MML (MIME Meta Language).